How to cultivate papaya

The botanical name of papaya is Kerika Papaya, it is a prominent place in Papaya's fruit. It is a very fruitful fruit and papaya starts flowing after one year and you can get fruit from it for three years. It can also be grown in the home garden, its use of fruits Used as a vegetable, pickle, etc. It is used in the form of Papen medicines derived from its milk, also used as a Papen for shrinking meat and shrinking wool. The origin of papaye is known as hot America. This fruit was introduced in India in the 16th century, which has flourished in India with great enthusiasm.


Climate


Papaya is the plant of warm climate. Which can be grown on the hills of high rainfall and mountains up to 1500 to 2100 meters. For this, the temperature in the summer should not exceed 43 ° C and should not be below 4.5 ° C in winter.
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Earth


For the Papaya, deep fertilizer land is suitable. Medicines affected by water flowing are not suitable for papaya

Advanced varieties of papaya

(1) Pusa deli

(2) Pusa Majesty

(3) Pusa Giant

(4) Pusa Sinha

(5) Pant-1

(6) Pant-2

(7) Pant-3 are etc.



Transplant time

(1) July - August

(2) September - October

(3) February - March
Planting

Before planting papaya, leave the field well in the field of 50 meters × 50 × 50 × centimeter of 2 × 2 meters in the month of May and leave it open for 15 days so that the sun drying properly in the grid Go and destroy the harmful insects. The two-thirds of the plant should be planted at a distance in a hole, immediately after irrigation, the plants should be well irrigated.
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seed

For one hectare one kg of seed is required from 500 gms, papaya plants are prepared by seed, in the one hectare cultivation, planting 2 plants per acre, 5000 thousand plants will be counted.

Nursery preparation

By this method the seed is first 15 to 20 cm from the ground surface The height of the queue is 10 cm in the upper rows, and the distance of the seed is 3 to 4 cm. Keeping the seed, 1 to 3 cm in seed Should not be sown in more depth than when the plant is about 20 to 25 cm When the height is raised then 2 plants per perched should be planted.

Method of preparation of polythene bag

20 cm Wide mouth, 25 cm Long and 150 cm Leaves these polythene bags with holes should be composted with manure, clay and sand of dung, above 1cm of pouch. Should not fill the part, should be 2 to 3 seeds per bag, always have enough moisture in the soil, when the plant is between 15 to 20 cm If the height is high, then the cutting blade from the bottom of the bag should be carefully cut and put in the previously prepared pitches.

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Nandai, Gudai and Irrigation

Irrigation should be done in 4 to 7 days in summer and 10 to 15 days in the cold, irrigate immediately on the warning of paddy, and after the third irrigation, make nonday goodness. Do not damage the roots and stems.

Use of fertilizers and fertilizers

Papaya starts giving fast results. That is why it needs more fertile land. Therefore, to take good harvest, 200 gm nitrogen, 250 g phosphorus and 500 gm potash per plant is required. In addition to this, every year 20-25 kg per acre of manure is required for manure, one kg of bombs and one kg of neem cake. Only three times of compost should be given in equal proportion in the months of March-April, July-August and October.

Papaya is a fast growing and fruit-bearing plant due to which nutrients are extracted from the land. Therefore, to achieve good yield, 250 gm nitrogen, 150 gm phosphorus and 250 gm of potash per plant should be given every year. The quantity of nitrogen should be divided into six parts and every second month after 2 months of planting.

Half -alfs of phosphorus and potash should be given in 2 times. Fertilizers should be scattered around the plants at a distance of 30 centimeters from the stem and mixed in the soil well. Half of phosphorus and potash should be given in February-March and July to August. After giving fertilizer, light irrigation should be done.

Protecting trees from the pale

It is very important to save the plant from the spine. For this, cover three types of fuses at the end of November and leave open in the East-South direction. Hedge from Ramashan around the garden, which prevents the hot hot and cold air. Smoke should be made periodically.

In hot temperate climate there is not much difference between winter and summer temperatures, and humidity remains throughout the year. Papaya flourishes throughout the year. But if in Uttar Pradesh, when the transplantation in the field is done by April-July, the plants start flowing till the next spring, and the fruit started in March-April or later starts cooking in December-January. If the fruit starts breaking out like milk, then the papaya becomes able to break. On good care, every plant yields 40-50 kg per plant.

Insects, disease and prevention in papaya

Primarily, there is no harm to any worms, but viruses are helpful in spreading disease. It contains the following diseases:

Diseases from stem and root rot

In it, the upper part of the stem starts to fall flat on the floor near the ground floor and the roots also start melting. The leaves go happily and the plant dies. For its treatment, the improvement in drainage and the plants in which the affected plants should be immediately uprooted and thrown. Spraying one percent of vododox mixture or comb oxyclloride on 2 liters of water per plant is enough prevention.
Dumping of

In the nursery, only small plants die from the bottom. Before sowing seeds to avoid this, Seresen Agronson G.N. Should be treated with treatment and seed beds should be treated with 2.5% formaldehyde solution.

Moussec (turning of leaves): The leaves affected by it become yellow and the stalks become smaller and shrink into the shape. 250 mins for this Lee. It is very beneficial to dissolve and spread the malathen 50 E C 250 liter of water.

Champa: Both children and young people of this insect sip juice from all parts of the plant and spread viral diseases. To prevent it, dissolve diethothaate 30 EC 1.5 ml or Pfspomaididal 5 ml in 1 liter of water and sprinkle it.

Red spider: The attack of this insect is on leaves and fruits. Due to its outbreaks the leaves fall yellow and later the red becomes brown. For its prevention, dissolve thiamethoate 30 EC 1.5 ml in 1 liter of water and sprinkle it.

Dissociation of the condition: This disease is caused by cough syrup called pityum freujierium. The increase in patient plant growth stops. The leaves fall yellow and the plants fall down. For prevention, scrape the diseased portion and dilute the brasilol 2 grams in 1 liter of water and sprinkle it.

Shyam Chakra: The effect of this disease is on leaves and fruits, which increases their growth. This leaves brown spots above the fruit. To prevent this, blighttaking 3 gm in 1 liter of water should be dissolved and sprinkled.

Irrigation for good production of papaya

Due to lack of water and no weeding, there is a great effect on the production of papaya. Therefore, water should be given in the climate of South India at 8-10 days in winter and 6 days in summer. In northern India, irrigation should be done twice in the week from April to June and 15 days difference in winter. It is important to keep in mind that the water does not touch the stem, otherwise the plant will have a scary illness, so the soil around the stem should be kept high. For the Papaya's garden to be clean, it should be done after lightning of trees after every irrigation.

The proper arrangement of irrigation is extremely important for the good production of papaya. Irrigation should be done within 6-7 days in summer and within 10-12 days in winter. Irrigation is needed when there is no rain in the rainy season. Water should not come in direct contact with the stem. For this, clay should be placed around the stem.

weed control

All weeds in the papaya garden grow, which compete with the papaya plant for moisture, nutrients, air and light etc. from the ground, thereby reversing the plant's growth and production. According to the need for rescue from weeds, we should do the same. By maintaining equal irrigation, the soil surface becomes very hard, thereby affecting plant growth. Therefore 2-3 times after irrigation, the plate should be lightly weathered.

Papaya yield

Generally, 35-40 kg per acre yield is obtained from the advanced varieties of papaya, whereas this new variety gets 2-3 times more yield.